其他
其他最新諮詢
請問商標名與專利名是否可重覆?
照片被使用在臉書與ig上
關於學校名字的使用
群體網路霸凌
他人傳送自己的私人影片 我代為轉PO於公眾軟體 會怎樣？
曾代表公司參賽得名, 目前自已創業,是否可以使用得名字眼做銷
私人物品被佔用
關於直播內容被放置至其他網站
想問怎樣算盜錄
不是自己原創的產品說自己原創
關於肖像權的處理
自有品牌電商贈品問題
我想請問 去年參加了一個派對，是汽車旅館趴，現場超過十個人不
自己透過網路買書，當作產品的贈品，是否有侵權問題？
用網路露洞賺錢違法嗎?
刺青圖片很像，另一個刺青師要求創作費
關於拍照的商業行為
關於抄襲他人部分著作
沒有經過同意的照片被交友app拿去打廣告
輸入盜版品自用是否違法
智慧財產相關案例分享
蘇思鴻律師
▲蘇狀師談娛樂法(搖頭公仔之保護)
搖頭公仔可受那些智慧財產權的保護 我國旅美知名的棒球投手甲在大聯盟屢創佳績，某乙看準當下商機，竟未得其同意，仿效該投手之身形樣貌，製作成造型可愛的搖頭公仔〈娃娃〉，並將該球員投球的英姿縮小成一吋相片大小，使用於其發行筆記本、拖鞋等商品，以增加商品的買氣，某乙的行為可能涉及那些智慧財產權？ 爭點解析 名人的身形樣貌受智慧財產保護否？搖頭公仔受何種智慧財產權保障？將名人身形樣貌予以縮小，使用於商品上涉及那些智慧財產權？ 結論 首先知名度〈名氣〉是那一種權利？我國有無保護名氣？是否名人才享有名氣的保護？簡單的說，名氣就是個人姓名財產化的保護，姓名在我國是人格權非財產權，而在美國名氣不僅是一種財產權，更是一種智慧財產權，其是由隱私權演化而來，而此種權利並非僅存在於名人，而係人人都有，只是通常名人才會去主張，一般人比較不會主張；試想一個默默無名的人，廠商會否將其姓名或樣貌使用於其商品或服務來做廣告行銷之用，以提升其買氣？即使廠商如此為之，若他人未得該人同意，將其姓名或樣貌使用於商品或服務上，係增加該人的名氣，即使有所侵害，該人亦不會因之興訟。美國之所以將名氣認定為財產權，主要是因為財產權可以讓與或繼承，一旦認定為人格權，在權利的行使上就受到限縮，而不可否認的是，肖像或姓名這些屬於人格權範疇的權利，在利用上不可諱言地產生財產上利益，已非僅具人格權性質乃是不爭的事實，然在我國因受限於歐陸法系框架，仍堅守樣貌或姓名屬於人格權，對人民權利的保護實屬不周。據此；本題乙將甲的樣貌身形製作成搖頭公仔，可解釋成侵害甲的肖像權，但限於甲生存時才可以依民法相關規定主張財產上和非財產上損害而獲賠，至於搖頭公仔依著作權法第五條第一項各款著作內容例示〈行政命令〉，其中第二條〈四〉美術著作：包括繪畫…美術工藝品及其他之美術著作，可認定為美術工藝品而受著作權法保障。本題的乙雖有可能侵害甲的肖像權，但並不當然代表侵害著作權，端視該搖頭公仔是否為乙自行創作而定，畢竟侵害肖像權和著作權係兩碼子事，這點要特別分清楚。〈其餘部分待續〉 參拙著美國名人權法制研究
▲蘇狀師談娛樂法(名模吉吉哈蒂案)
Hadid Cases Hadid was first sued for copyright infringement in 2017, when she uploaded to Instagram a photo of herself taken by photographer Peter Cepeda. Cepeda v. Hadid, 1:17-cv-00989-LMB-MSN (E.D. Va. 2017) Cepeda had properly registered his photo with the Copyright Office and subsequently licensed it through Instar Images to The Daily Mail and TMZ for use in their articles. Without license or permission of Cepeda, Hadid uploaded the photo to two of her social media accounts, receiving millions of likes. Due to her large following, various online publications copied and posted the photo crediting Hadid instead of Cepeda. Cepeda subsequently filed suit for violation of his exclusive rights of reproduction and distribution of his copyrighted work, but the case quickly settled out of court. 哈蒂首次以侵害著作權被訴係在2017年，其在社群首頁instagram上傳一張由攝影師Peter Cepeda所攝，且已經向國會圖書館登記取得著作權之照片（美國著作權須登記方才取得著作權；美國著作權主管機關係國會圖書館），Peter Cepeda隨後將該照片授權The Daily Mail 與 TMZ雜誌，可於其文章利用該照片。未經Peter Cepeda之授權或同意，哈蒂上傳前開照片於其所有的兩個社群帳號，而獲得數百萬之點讚。肇因於粉絲大量跟追，許多線上媒體直接重製與上傳該照片來讚揚哈蒂，取而代之向Peter Cepeda取得授權獲同意。Peter Cepeda旋即向哈蒂提起侵害其攝影著作之重製權及散布權之訴訟，然該案很快透由訴訟外和解而解決。
▲蘇狀師談娛樂法
'Resident Evil' Stunt Performer Drops Injury Lawsuit in L.A. 惡靈古堡的特技演員撤回在洛杉磯的訴訟 Its possible, however, that Olivia Jackson may pursue the case elsewhere. Attorneys for British stunt performer Olivia Jackson have dropped a Los Angeles-based lawsuit against the makers of Resident Evil: The Final Chapter. 英國特技演員奧利佛傑克森的律師撤回對“惡靈古堡：最終章”之製作公司在洛杉磯的訴訟。 The defendant argued in the motion to dismiss that Jackson's stunt performer contract specifically includes a provision requiring dispute resolution in South Africa. So it's possible that Jackson may pursue the case elsewhere. 被告爭執到該特技演員契約內容明確規定，本契約如發生爭議其訴訟管轄地為南非，因此該特技演員可能在他地另行起訴。 In September 2016, during the filming of Resident Evil: The Final Chapter, in Cape Town, South Africa, Jackson was badly injured during a stunt. While riding a motorcycle at a high speed, the 34-year-old veteran stunt performer collided with a crane-mounted camera that was traveling in the opposite direction. Her left arm was amputated above the elbow and she suffered lasting nerve damage and facial scarring. 2016年9月，在南非開普敦拍攝上開影片期間，34歲特技演員傑可森在為特技時受了很重的傷。事發時以高速騎著摩托車與反向行進之吊掛攝影機相撞。左手臂手肘以下截肢，同時受有持續性神經損害及面部傷疤。 Jackson’s initial U.S lawsuit, filed in September 2019 in Los Angeles, alleged that Resident Evil director Paul W. Anderson and his longtime producing partner, Jeremy Bolt, were responsible, and requested unspecified damages. “The dismissal of the lawsuit included no settlement or payment of any kind,” said Joseph R. Taylor, an attorney with Frankfurt Kurnit Klein & Selz, the firm representing the defendants, which included director Anderson and producer Bolt, along with their respective production companies. Jackson’s attorneys didn’t respond to requests for comment.
▲蘇狀師談娛樂法(名模吉吉哈蒂案深度解析二)
New York-based O’Neil asserts that Hadid infringed his exclusive rights as the copyright holder of the photo “by reproducing and publicly displaying [it] on her Instagram story,” despite the fact that she “is not, and has never been, licensed or otherwise authorized to reproduce, publicly display, distribute and/or use the photograph.” In doing so, O’Neil claims that the 24-year old supermodel ran afoul of his exclusive right to display the image, and distribute copies of it to the public by sale or another form of transfer, such as licensing, among other things. As a result, she should be forced to pay “statutory damages up to $150,000 per work infringed for [her] willful infringement of the photograph,” he argues. 位在紐約的O’Neil 主張哈蒂的行為侵害其為攝影著作之著作人專有重製及公開展示之著作財產權。事實是她未取得授權去重製、公開展示、散布或利用該照片。 O’Neil起訴主張這位24歲的超模，不管是藉由銷售或是另外諸如授權的方式去移轉，侵害其公開展示及散布之排他權。因此，她須就其惡意侵害之每一張照片給付最高至15萬元之法定賠償金。
▲蘇狀師談娛樂法(名模吉吉哈蒂案深度解析三)
In what the plaintiff called a “nearly identical” case filed at the beginning of 2019, Hadid similarly copied and posted a paparazzi photo of herself, owned by Xclusive-Lee, Inc., to one of her social media accounts without license or permission from the copyright owner. Xclusive-Lee, Inc. v. Hadid, 1:19-cv-00520-PKC-CLP (E.D.N.Y. 2019). 於2019年年初，哈蒂重製一張由狗仔對所攝含有她自己的照片並上傳於其社群網頁，而該照片之著作權人為Xclusive-Lee, Inc.,該公司遂以“幾近相同”為由，對之提起侵害著作財產權訴訟。 Aside from bringing the same claim as Cepeda, Xclusive also notes that Hadid had first-hand knowledge that what she was doing constituted copyright infringement since she had been sued for the same thing just two years prior. The district court dismissed this case due to a lack of a copyright registration, though Hadid’s legal team also raised the defenses of fair use and implied license. The second case may have begun paving the way for future legal challenges to clarify these issues by raising a novel argument—implied license—alongside the more typical defense of fair use. Perhaps the time has come for these arguments to finally be decided by the court since Hadid has been sued yet again—this time for posting a photographer’s copyrighted photo of her former boyfriend and singer/songwriter, Zayn Malik, without license or permission. O’Neil v. Hadid, 1:19-cv-8522 (S.D.N.Y. 2019). An initial pretrial conference is scheduled for January 14, 2020.以上中文譯文，為本人所譯；請尊重著作權，違法利用，本人必究。
